“We need to meet datasets at their doorsteps.”
—Dan Bouk
In his new book Democracy’s Data: The Hidden Stories in the US Census and How to Read Them, data historian and D&S affiliate Dan Bouk examines the 1940 US census, uncovering what its numbers both condense and cleverly abstract: a universe of meaning and uncertainty, of cultural negotiation and political struggle. He introduces us to the men and women employed as census takers, bringing us with them as they go door to door, recording the lives of their neighbors. He takes us into the makeshift halls of the Census Bureau, where hundreds of civil servants, not to mention machines, labored with pencil and paper to divide and conquer the nation’s data. And he uses these little points to paint bigger pictures — of the ruling hand of white supremacy, the place of queer people in straight systems, and the struggle of ordinary people to be seen by the state as they see themselves.
The 1940 census is a crucial entry in American history, a controversial dataset that enabled the creation of New Deal era social programs, but that also, with the advent of World War II, would be weaponized against many of the citizens whom it was supposed to serve. In our age of quantification, Democracy’s Data not only teaches us how to read between the lines but gives us a new perspective on the relationship between representation, identity, and governance today.
On August 11, Bouk discussed his book with Dr. Alex Hanna, director of research at the Distributed AI Research Institute, in a conversation moderated by Data & Society’s people and culture manager, Ronteau Coppin.
Census Income | Adult Dataset | UCI
A review of Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, by Franklin W. Knight. Hispanic American Historical Review, August 1, 1997
“Limits to Whiteness,” by Neda Maghbouleh
“Bringing the People Back In: Contesting Benchmark Machine Learning Datasets,” ICML 2020 Workshop: Participatory Approaches to Machine Learning
“Lines of Sight,” Logic Magazine, by Alex Hanna, Emily Denton, Razvan Amironesei, Andrew Smart, Hilary Nicole
Dan Bouk, Kevin Ackermann, and danah boyd, 2022. “A Primer on Powerful Numbers: Selected Readings in the Social Study of Public Data and Official Numbers,” Data & Society.
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Editorial: Eryn Loeb
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